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XI

The English Ask King Canute for Aid Against William the Conqueror

The History of King Sweyn Estridsson and His Sons and of the Martyrdom of King Canute the Holy

For the noble people of the English — who, according to the account of the venerable priest Bede, historian of that same people, trace their origin back to the ancient Saxons — had long been cruelly oppressed under the rule of those same Romans or Franks. This followed the death of their bravest king, Harold, who was slain by William, duke of the southern Normans, through the fortunes of war, after which William seized the kingdom of England by force.

The English therefore came to believe that the only way to restore their former freedom was to bring the most illustrious prince, Canute, together with the strength of his army, to the shores of Britain — both to avenge the killing of his kinsman, the former king Harold, slain by those same Romans, and to challenge their domination.

For their renowned dukes and counts, governors and nobles of many ranks, had been partly cut down by the sword, partly thrown into prison, some stripped at once of ancestral wealth, rank, and inheritance, many driven from their native land, and the rest crushed under a condition little better than slavery. They could no longer endure the ferocity of that tyranny. Seeing no leader left among them either to recover or even to hope for freedom — such was the foresight of their enemies — they resolved to seek help from abroad.

And so, through frequent embassies, they begged the aid of the outstanding prince Canute, preferring to fight alongside him against their enemies for control of England rather than endure any longer the savage domination of those tyrants.

Moved by their suffering and appeals, the most merciful prince resolved to come to their aid — both to restore a noble people to their former freedom and to punish the arrogance of the Romans or Franks by avenging the death of his kinsman. He therefore ordered a vast fleet to be prepared and proclaimed that his men should hold themselves ready for every eventuality.

But He who orders and judges all things — whose judgments are a deep abyss and whose counsel no mortal can fully comprehend — frustrated human plans. Whether to delay the correction of that people for a time, or to reserve the glory of martyrdom for the noble prince’s own people rather than for foreigners, God hindered the journey. For He intended to make Canute a protector of the Danes and, from a king, their first martyr.

I call him the first martyr because no ancient account tells of anyone from that people having been honored with martyrdom before him, nor of anyone among them having suffered in such a way for steadfast justice. Therefore, crowned with glory and honor, he remains seated at the right hand of the eternal King. But these things are known to God.